The organizing committee encourages and welcomes the original research papers and reviews on the following topics. Following are the broad topics covered in this symposium.

1. Intake system: This section covers the research topic pertaining to complete intake system from inlet of the penstock to the inlet of the spiral casing. Some examples are, intake gate, trace rake, conduit, penstock, main inlet valve, water hammer, surging, surge tank, head losses, fatigue loading in the penstock, hydraulic transients, bifurcation, trifurcation junctions, etc.

2. Hydraulic turbines: This section is extremely broad and covers all components of hydraulic turbines, such as spiral casing, stay vane, guide vane, runner, blade, splitter, labyrinth seals, and draft tube. The section covers axial, radial, tangential and mixed flow turbines; high, medium, low and very low head (kinetic - ocean wave) turbines; Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, bulb, fluvial, propellor, etc. Topics such as turbine optimization, design, model tests, efficiency measurements are also included.

3. Pump-turbines: This section covers all topics related to the pump-turbines, fast transition, phenomena occur in pump mode, turbine mode, etc. Many times, centrifugal pumps are used as turbine. This section also covers the topics of centrifugal pump, its design, optimization, performance, cavitation, suction circulation, blade design, vibration, NPSH, parallel/series operations, etc.

4. Pumps: This section is extremely broad and covers all components of pumps, such as spiral casing, stay vane, guide vane, runner, blade, splitter, labyrinth seals, and suction tube. The section covers axial, radial, tangential and mixed flow pumps; high, medium, low and very low head pumps. Topics such as pump optimization, design, model tests, efficiency measurements are also included.

5. Storage pumps: Pumping water from the lower pool to the upper pool and store it for power generation.

6. Ocean energy: This section is broad, the utilization of wave energy, tidal barrage energy, tidal current energy, etc., mainly about hydraulic machinery related subjects.

7. Small and micro hydropower: This section is about various kinds of hydro-machineries in various locations, such as the innovative and effective design for small and micro hydropower.

8. Sustainable hydropower: This section somewhat overlaps the topic of `hydraulic turbines' however, this section focuses on sustainability and more towards development of sustainable hydraulic turbines of any head-power-discharge range. Some of the examples are fish friendly turbine design, very low head turbine with little infrastructure, easy to install, hybrid option (hydro-wind-solar) for rural applications, environment friendly design, green metals for turbine components, mini and micro hydro, innovative technology for sustainable hydro, energy efficient application, etc.

9. Energy storage and flexibility: This section covers the topic related to studies/research on energy storage in the context of hydropower, energy market, scheduling, energy management, transient operations such as load variation, start-top, load rejection, no-load, runaway. No-load and runaway are steady state operation however, both are results of transient operations and considered in this section. Energy production and management with multiple turbines, load sharing, ancillary services, load ramping, etc. are part of this topic.

10. Cavitation and multiphase flow: This section covers the broad topics, which involves two or more phases in the study (experimental and/ or numerical). Examples are cavitating flow, erosion, air injection, aeration, development of cavitation/erosion model, etc. Note - study of cavitating vortex rope is part of the section of 'vortex breakdown'.

11. Multi-field coupling: Interaction between different physical fields (hydraulic field, thermal field, structural field, magnetic field, sound field, etc.) in a hydraulic machinery.

12. Computational fluid dynamics and fluid - structure interaction: This section is very broad, and covers all phenomena occur in hydraulic machinery as well as solution using numerical techniques. Topics which emphasize the CFD techniques, high quality simulations (1D, 2D or 3D), 1D-3D coupling, development of numerical model, turbulence modelling, numerical verification and validation, detached eddy simulations, large eddy simulations, direct numerical simulations, etc. FSI analysis, one-way, coupled, FEA of turbine components, etc. (Note - the section is broad, and many research papers may fit in this section. However, if the focus is not numerical analysis, please select other section, which is more appropriate while submitting the paper.)

13. Sediment erosion: Structural erosion caused by solid particles in water. Varying particle (size, shape, hardness, material, etc.), different sediment concentration and velocity distribution will cause various abrasive and erosive wear patterns in hydraulic machinery.

14. Vortex breakdown: This section covers the topics of vortex breakdown in hydraulic machinery that includes, trailing edge vortex, inter-blade vortex, draft tube vortex rope, leading edge vortex, etc.

15. Vibration and fatigue loading: This section covers all topics relevant to vibration, resonance, damping, modal, strain and fatigue analysis. The section also covers estimation of fatigue lifetime, crack development, stress-strain measurements, fatigue analysis.

16. Measurement techniques and signal processing: This section covers all topics which emphasizes new measurement techniques/ idea/ approaches in hydropower plant. It may be efficiency, pressure, strain, velocity and vibration. However, the focus is measurement technique and the instrumentation and not the flow phenomenon. Topic related to calibration and uncertainty quantification are covered here. This section also covers the topics of data collection and processing, new approach of data processing, data collection, development of analytical technique for large data, statistical analysis of data.

17. Model tests and laboratory tests: Characteristic test (energy characteristic, cavitation characteristic, etc.) on a reduce-scaled model of a hydraulic machinery. Model test is always used for verifying that the contractually guaranteed values of the main hydraulic properties are met, and a laboratory test is also used for scientific observation.

18. Smart grid and digital twin: Smart grid and digital twin are somewhat different topics; however, those are grouped here to avoid a long description of scope. This section covers hybrid operation of hydraulic turbines, isolated grid operation with wind-solar-hydro, other topic of smart grid that involves hydraulic turbines. Topics of hydropower digitization, automation, signal processing, monitoring and conditioning as part of digital twin, use of digital twin for the prediction of maintenance, fatigue loading, damage calculations are part of this section.

19. Selected topics: This section covers the topics, which are not included in above sections. One such example is manufacturing techniques for hydraulic turbine and components, heat treatment, prototyping, scaling, surface roughness, blade material and metallurgy, topics related to refurbishment projects, etc. It is important to note that the topics in this section must be explicitly in the context of hydropower and hydraulic machinery.

Above information mainly from IAHR symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems guide version 2022.